Oil burner



Passed Feb. 17, 1925.

PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS A. BIGGS, OE SIOUX CITY, IOWA.

OIL BURNER.

Application filed September To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS A. Brass, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Sioux City, in the county of lVoodbury 1 i and State of Iowa, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oil Burners, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention provides an oil burner embodying such novel characteristics and features of construction and arrangements of parts that so-called distillate or even lower grade oils may be used with the burner successfully.

A further object of the inventionis the production of an oil burner which completely vaporizes the oil and causes the va-. por to be intimately and properly mixed 1 with the air before entering the burner proper, and thereby producing a blue flame. Furthermore, the invention provides an oil burner which produces a maximum 7 amount of heat with a minimum quantity of oil.

Still another object of the invention is the production of an improved oil burner which is simple and inexpensive in construc- 4 tion and installation yet thoroughly dependable in operation and easily accessible for cleaning and repairs.

The invention furthermore provides an improved oil burner heater so constructed as to deliver a maximum amount of heat with a minimum supply of O1].

The above and numerous other objects and advantages I successfully attain in the embodiments hereinafter described, defined in the appended claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings which form a part of this application and in which like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views, of which Fig. 1 is a fragmentary, side elevation of the preferred form of my invention.

Fig.2 is an enlarged, horizontal section of the Fig. 1. 2

Fig. 3 is a transverse section of the intake duct of the draft flue taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1. a

While I have illustrated and herein describe but two embodiments of the invention, I would not be understood as being restricted to such specific structures for it will beclear that the broad principle of the invention may be embodied in numerous burner taken on the line 22 of 11, 1922. Serial Na. 527,277.

forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Broadly, my invention is embodied in a suitable draft flue adapted to receive air at one end from the open atmosphere and provided at its other end with an outlet or burner proper, the interior of the flue above the burner being provided with a retainer to which oil is fed, the said retainer being heated by the burner and exposed to the air drawn through the flue, whereby the oil is completely vaporized and properly and intimately admixed with the air before entering the burner proper, all of which will presently be made more clear.

The burner may be installed within any suitable draft enclosure, which either may be a special enclosure or any of the wellknown solid fuel-burning furnaces or stoves. The embodiment presented in the drawings is particularly designed for a heater including an outer jacket, 7. My oil burner, includes an enclosure, represented generally at 13, and preferably comprises opposite side walls, 1 1, a rear wall, 15, a bottom, 16, and atop, 17, having a flanged opening, 18, which communicates with the intake end of the draft passage provided by the pipes, 10.

The face or front side of the enclosure, 13, projects through an opening, 19, in the jacket, 7 and is provided with a flange, 20, which rests against the outer side of the portion of the jacket surrounding the opening, 19, the inner side of said jacket portion being clad with a suitable frame, 21. The front wall, 22, of the enclosure, 13, is outwardly inclined from the bottom. 16, and terminates in a forwardly projecting semicircular collar, 23, spaced a distance below the plane ofthe top, 17 to admit the burner within the enclosure. The side of the collar, 23, and the upper edges of the wall, 22, are provided with flanges, 24, supporting a removable cover comprising a semi-conoidal wall, 25, formed with a semi-cylindrical collar, 26, forming a complete collar in conjunction with the part, 23. The inner end .of the cover, 25, is provided with a flange,

jacket and threaded into the frame, 21, the portions of the flange, 26, below the cover,

sitely-disposed laterals, 47, terminating, re-

gen drawn through the duct,

25, being similarly secured to the jacket by bolts, 29. The sides of the cover, 25, and its collar part, 26, are provided with flanges, 30, bolted, as at 31, to the flanges, 24.

Vithin the above described enclosure is the burner, consisting of an upright cylindrical fine, 32, provided with a bottom head, 33, and one or more series of peripheral, equally-spaced, vertical slots, 34. The upper end of the duct, 32, communicates with a cylindrical substantially horizontally-disposed air intake duct, 35, clamped within the collar 2326. The inner end of said duct, is provided with a downwardly-directed elbow, 36, which abuts the upper end of and is suitably secured to the upright duet, 32, as by the fuel supply pipe, 37, which extends coaxially with and through the duct, 32, and its head, 33. The upper end of the pipe, 3. is suitably secured to the elbow, 36, as by a T-pipe-fitting, 38, on the pipe, 37, and carrying a threaded element, '39, pro ecting through the elbow and provided with a boss, 40, engaging the elbow, the opposite end of the pipe, 37, hasthreaded thereon a suitable element, as the pipe elbow, 41, which engages the duct head, 33,

to clamp the ducts, 32 and 35 securely together; and communicate with a fuel pipe, 42, projecting through the enclosure, 13, to be connected with any suitable source of fuel supply. Threaded into the pipe fitting, 38,

is a )lJQ 43 ositioned within the duct 35.

l l 7 7P be oil "18 vaporized'within the burner flue, preferably at the hottest point thereof.

'1 therefore prefer to provide the bottom of the air intake line, 35, with a recess or pocket, 44, which, is, of course, in the path of the heat as it passes from the burner opening,

34, to the-draft passage, 10. The side walls of the pocket,-44, are preferably inclined, as at 45, (Fig. 3) and in the juncture of the walls, 45, and the side walls of the duct, 35, are formed oil retaining projections, as ribs,

The pipe, 43, is provided with oppospective'ly, above the projections, 46.

It will now be clear that the draft passage, 10, draws a continuous current-of air into the duct, 35, and from the burner openings, 34, of the duct, 32, which, whenadmixed with combustible vapor within the burner flue, ignitesat the -openings,34. Ob viously, the fuel receiving and vaporizing pocket, 44, isopenand exposed to the oxy- 35;'-and its inclined walls, 45, become red hot and oil fed =onto the projecting elements, 46 is intensely heated, overflows and trickles in a film down the inclined surface of the intenselyheated walls, 45, thereby completely vaporizing the .fuel, the vapor being intimately admixed with: theoxygen rushing through the duct, 35, and: from the burneropenings, 34.

:Above the burner openings, 34, the duct,

register with the slots,'34, the slots,

dueing a quantity municating with the means for conveying 32, may be formed with an oil receiving and vaporizing receptacle, as the annular space, 48, adapted to receive oil flowing unvaporized from the pocket, 44, there to be vaporized and admixed with the oxygen before eduction from the burner, the presence of which receptacle is arbitrary.

To facilitate generation of the burner I prefer to project the pipe, 43, from the duct, 35, as at 49, to be connected with a source of highly combustible gas, as illuminating gas, which is admitted to the burner through the pipes,'47, and ignited at the burner openings, 34, to bring the burner to the proper temperature before admitting the oil into the burner. To regulate theburncr I provide means for opening or partially closing the burner openings, 34, which means preferably consists of a sleeve, 50, rotatable on the duct, 32, and having slots, 51, adapted to 51, being so spaced and related that the material therebetween is less in width than the slots, 34,"whereby it is impossible for the sleeve, 50, to completely close the slots, 34. The said'sleeve, 50, is mounted in any suitable manner for rotation 011 the duct,32, as by screws, 52, projecting freely through the slots, 53, and threaded into the duct, 32. The sleeve is controlled in any suitable manner, as by a radial arm, 54, secured to the'sleeve and projecting through a slot, 55, in the enclosure wall, 22, whereby it is clear oscillation of the arm, 54, will open and partially close the openings, 34.

The burner may be generated by' introof gasoline or other highly volatile liquid into the bottom of the'duct, 32, and then igniting the same, the bottom of the duct being provided with a rim, 56, encircling the pipe, 37, to retain liquid on the bottom of the said duct. Oil which is fed to the burner and unvaporized will obviously flow into the bottom of the duct, 32, and finally pass out an overflow pipe, 57, projecting into the lower portion of the duct, 32, and from the enclosure wall,'22.

In order that the burner maybe clearly visible from the exterior of the heater the front wall, 22, ofthe enclosure, 13, may be providednvith an opening, 89, closed by mica or other transparent plate, 90, retained by a suitable frame, 91, secured to the wall; 22.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire" to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. A volatile fuel burner embodying a draft flue including airupright cylindrical duct having lateral outlet openings, and a substantially horizontal air intake duct com- V upperen'd of the 11- rightduet, and. provided with a: fuel receiving and vaporizing recess in its bottom, and

fuel to saidrece'ss.

2. A-volatilefuel burner embodying a draft flue including an upright cylindrical duct having lateral outlet openings, and a substantially horizontal air intake duct coinmunicating with the upper end of the up right duct, and provided with a fuel receiving and vaporizing recess in its bottom, means for conveying fuel to said recess, and means for partially closing said openings.

3. A volatile fuel burner embodying a draft flue including an upright cylindrical duct having lateral outlet openings, and a substantially horizontal air intake duct conir municating with the upper end of the up right duct, and provided with a fuel re ceiving and vaporizing recessin its bottom, and a perforate sleeve rotatable on the up right duct to open and partially close said openings.

4:. A volatile fuel burner comprising a draft flue including an upright cylindrical duct having lateral outlet openings in its lower portion, and a substantially horizontal duct communicating with the upper end of thesaid first duct, an open annular fuel retaining and vaporizing chamber within the upright duct adjacent the wall thereof and above the openings, and means for conveying fuel to said chamber,

5. A volatile fuel burner comprising a draft flue including an upright cylindrical duct having lateral outlet openings in its lower portion, and a substantially horizontal duct communicating with the upper end of the said first duct, an open annular fuel retaining and vaporizing chamber within the upright duct adjacent the wall thereof and above the openings, a pocket in the bottom of the horizontal duct to receive and vaporize fuel and convey unvaporized fuel to said chamber, and a pipe within the horizontal duct to convey fuel. from a suitable source to said pocket.

6. A volatile fuel burner comprising a draft flue including an upright cylindrical duct having a head at its lower end and lateral outlet openings in its lower portion, and a substantially horizontal air intake duct formed with an elbow abutting the upper end of said first duct, a liquid. fuel supply pipe projecting through the center of the head of said first duct and suitably secured to the said elbow, an element threaded the draft pipe,

on said pipe to engage the under side of the cylinder head to removably clamp said ducts together, and fuel retainin and vaporizing means within the flue and above the said openings and adapted to receive fuel from said pipe.

7. A volatile fuel burner embodying a draft flue including an upright duct having a lower outlet, and a lateral air intake duct communicating with the said first duct above its outlet, the inner surface of the lateral duct being inclined, and a fuel supply duct to feed fuel onto said inclined surface.

8. A volatile fuel burner embodying adraft flue including an. upright duct having a lower outlet, and a lateral air intake duct communicating with the said first duct above its outlet, the side walls of said second duct being inclined, fuel retaining projections on said walls to feed fuel thereon, and means for feeding fuel onto said projections.

9. The combination with a heater including an enclosing jacket having a lateral opening, and a draft pipe, of an enclosure within the jacket and communicating with and a volatile fuel burner including an upright draft flue within and spaced from the sides of said enclosure and having aburner proper at its lower end, a lateral air-intake flue communicating with said first flue and projecting through the jacket opening, and an open fuel retainer and vaporizer within one of said flues 10. The combination with a heater including an enclosing jacket having a lateral opening, and a draft pipe, of an enclosure within the jacket and communicating with the draft pipe, and a volatile fuel burner including an upright draft flue within and spaced from the sides of said enclosure and having a burner proper at its lower end, a lateral air-intake flue communicating with and depending from said first flue and projecting through the jacket opening, a closure for said opening through which said intake flue projects and is secured, and an open fuel retainer and vaporizer within one of said fines.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 6th day of September, 1922.

THOMAS A. BIGGS, 

